How is the social security system setup in Spain?

Spain's social security system is a comprehensive system designed to provide a wide range of benefits and protections to workers, retirees, and their families. It is funded through contributions from both employers and employees, based on a percentage of the employees' salaries. The system covers several key areas:

Healthcare: Provides access to public healthcare services for employees, retirees, and dependents. This includes doctor visits, hospital care, prescription medications, and some dental care services.
Pensions: Offers retirement pensions to those who have contributed to the system for a minimum period, typically 15 years, with the amount based on the individual's contribution history and the number of years worked. There are also disability pensions for those unable to work due to illness or injury, and survivor pensions for the families of deceased workers.
Unemployment Benefits: Offers financial support to individuals who have lost their jobs and are actively seeking employment. The amount and duration of the benefits depend on the individual's contribution history.
Family Benefits: Provides support for families with children, including birth or adoption grants, child benefits for families with dependent children, and benefits for families caring for minors under guardianship.
Maternity/Paternity Leave: Offers paid leave for new parents. Maternity leave is available for 16 weeks, and paternity leave duration has been progressively equalized to match maternity leave, reflecting Spain's commitment to gender equality and shared parental responsibilities.
Temporary Incapacity Benefits: Provides financial support to workers unable to work due to illness or injury, covering both short-term and long-term incapacities.
Permanent Incapacity Benefits: Offers financial support to workers who are permanently unable to return to their previous employment due to a severe illness or disability.
Dependent Care: Includes benefits for individuals who need assistance with daily activities due to age or disability, as well as support for their caregivers.
Work-Related Injury and Occupational Diseases: Provides specific benefits for workers who suffer from injuries or diseases as a direct result of their job.

The social security system in Spain is managed by the General Social Security Fund (Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social, TGSS), which is part of the Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security, and Migration. The system is designed to be universal, covering all workers in Spain, including employees, self-employed individuals, and, under certain conditions, even those who are not currently working or have never worked.

To access these benefits, individuals must be registered with the social security system and have made contributions, either through deductions from their wages or direct payments in the case of self-employed individuals. The specific requirements for each benefit, such as the minimum contribution period and the amount of the benefit, vary depending on the individual's situation and the type of benefit.

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How is the social security system setup in Spain?