What are the public holidays in Ethiopia?

Public holidays in Ethiopia are designated days throughout the year when employees are entitled to paid leave. These holidays are an essential part of Ethiopian culture and provide opportunities for rest, cultural observance, and community engagement. This guide provides an overview of public holidays in Ethiopia, including key dates and their significance.

Ethiopia recognizes 12 public holidays each year. These holidays are observed nationwide and typically involve paid leave for employees. The dates and significance of these holidays may vary based on the lunar calendar and national celebrations.

List of Public Holidays:

1. Genna (Ethiopian Orthodox Christmas)

   • Date: January 7
   • Significance: Celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ according to the Ethiopian Orthodox Christian calendar.

2. Timkat (Epiphany)

   • Date: January 19
   • Significance: Commemorates the baptism of Jesus Christ in the Jordan River, marked by religious ceremonies and processions.

3. Adwa Victory Day

   • Date: March 2
   • Significance: Marks the victory of Ethiopian forces over Italian colonialists at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, a symbol of Ethiopian resistance and independence.

4. Good Friday

   • Date: Variable (based on the Ethiopian Orthodox Christian calendar)
   • Significance: Observes the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, a significant event in the Christian faith.

5. Fasika (Ethiopian Orthodox Easter)

   • Date: Variable (based on the Ethiopian Orthodox Christian calendar)
   • Significance: Celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, a major Christian festival.

6. Labour Day

   • Date: May 1
   • Significance: Honors workers' contributions and promotes workers' rights and social justice.

7. Eid al-Fitr

   • Date: Variable (based on the Islamic lunar calendar)
   • Significance: Marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting, with festivities and communal prayers.

8. Eid al-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice)

   • Date: Variable (based on the Islamic lunar calendar)
   • Significance: Commemorates the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. It involves special prayers and the sacrifice of animals.

9. New Year's Day (Enkutatash)

   • Date: September 11
   • Significance: Celebrates the Ethiopian New Year, which marks the beginning of the Ethiopian calendar year. It is a time of festive gatherings and celebrations.

10. Meskel (Finding of the True Cross)

    • Date: September 27
    • Significance: Commemorates the discovery of the True Cross by Queen Helena of Constantinople, marked by religious processions and bonfires.

11. Victory of Adwa

    • Date: March 2
    • Significance: Celebrates the victory at the Battle of Adwa against the Italian forces, reflecting national pride and historical significance.

12. Buhe (Festival of the Cross)

    • Date: August 19
    • Significance: Marks the Feast of the Cross, commemorating the discovery of the True Cross by Saint Helena.

Observance and Planning:

• Paid Leave: Employees are entitled to paid leave on public holidays, and businesses typically close in observance of these days.

• Cultural Significance: Many holidays, particularly religious ones, involve special ceremonies and cultural practices. Understanding the significance of these holidays can enhance cross-cultural interactions and workplace planning.

• Annual Schedule: Public holidays may vary slightly each year, especially those based on lunar or religious calendars. It is advisable for employers and employees to review the current year's public holiday schedule to plan accordingly.